Access control systems

An access control system (ACS) is a security solution that manages and restricts who can enter a physical space or access a digital asset. Instead of traditional locks and keys, these automated systems use electronic credentials to grant or deny access based on pre-established policies and rules.

How Access Control Systems Work

Access control systems operate by following a three-step process: authentication, authorization, and access.

• Authentication: The user presents their credentials to a reader, proving their identity. This can be a keycard, a PIN, or a biometric scan.
• Authorization: The system’s controller compares the credential against a pre-programmed access control list (ACL). This list determines the user’s rights and privileges, such as what doors they can open and at what times.
• Access: If the user is authenticated and authorized, the controller sends a signal to an electric lock, which releases the door for a brief period, granting access.

Types of Access Control Models

• Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
• Based Access Control (RBAC)
• Mandatory Access Control (MAC)